Financial Aid OBBBA FAQs
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), signed into law on July 4, 2025, makes significant changes to federal student loans, Parent PLUS loans, Graduate PLUS loans, federal repayment plans, Pell Grants, and FAFSA-related eligibility rules.
This page reflects the OBBBA statute, the U.S. Department of Education's May 1, 2026, final loan regulations (RISE), and the May 19, 2026, final Pell Grant regulations. Additional federal guidance may still be released, and ÌÇÐÄVlog will update this page as new information becomes available.
Last Updated: June 2, 2026
When Do the Changes Take Effect?
- 2025–26 Award Year: No OBBBA changes apply.
- Beginning July 1, 2026: Most federal student loan, Parent PLUS, FAFSA, and Pell Grant changes take effect.
- Beginning July 1, 2027: Certain deferment and forbearance changes take effect.
- By July 1, 2028: Several existing repayment plans will sunset, and borrowers may need to transition to a different repayment option.
What Areas Are Changing?
- Undergraduate federal student loans
- Parent PLUS loans
- Graduate and professional student loans
- Graduate PLUS loans
- Less-than-full-time borrowing limits
- Pell Grant eligibility
- FAFSA asset reporting
- Federal repayment plans
- Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF)
Undergraduate Student FAQs
Graduate and Professional Student FAQs
Loan Repayment FAQs
Undergraduate Student FAQs
What is the Limited Exception (sometimes called a Legacy Borrower)?
This Limited Exception allows certain currently enrolled students to continue borrowing under pre-July 1, 2026, federal loan rules for a limited period of time.
A student may qualify if:
- They were enrolled in a program of study on June 30, 2026;
- They remain enrolled in that same program; and
- A federal Direct Loan or Parent PLUS Loan was disbursed for that program before July 1, 2026.
How long does the Limited Exception last?
Federal law limits eligibility for this exception to the lesser of:
- Three academic years, or
- The student's remaining expected time to credential as of July 1, 2026.
Example:
| Status on June 30, 2026 | Limited Exception Eligibility |
| Entering year two of a four-year program | Three years |
| Entering year three of a four-year program | Two years |
| Entering year four of a four-year program | One year |
| Returning for a fifth year after completing four years of a four-year program | No Limited Exception |
How is "expected time to credential" calculated?
Federal regulations compare:
- The published length of the program, and
- The portion of the program already completed as of July 1, 2026.
The remaining time is then compared to three academic years. The shorter period determines how long the Limited Exception applies.
What causes me to lose Limited Exception eligibility?
Students generally lose Limited Exception eligibility if they:
- Withdraw from the program,
- Stop attending,
- Cease enrollment in the program,
- Begin a different degree program after July 1, 2026, or
- Are enrolled beyond expected time to credential.
Students considering a leave of absence should contact Financial Aid before making enrollment changes.
What if I borrowed federal loans at another school?
Previous borrowing counts toward federal aggregate and lifetime limits.
However, Limited Exception eligibility is determined based on:
- Your current program at your current school, and
- Whether a qualifying loan was disbursed for that program before July 1, 2026.
Can I opt out of the Limited Exception?
No. Federal eligibility is determined by law and cannot be accepted or declined.
What are the undergraduate Direct Loan limits?
Annual limits remain unchanged:
| Grade Level | Dependent Student | Additional Independent Eligibility |
| First Year | $5,500 | +$4,000 |
| Second Year | $6,500 | +$4,000 |
| Third Year and Beyond | $7,500 | +$5,000 |
Aggregate limits remain:
- $31,000 for dependent students
- $57,500 for independent students
What if I enroll less than full time?
Beginning July 1, 2026, federal Direct Loan limits are reduced proportionally for students enrolled less than full time.
Students must still be enrolled at least half time to remain eligible for federal student loans.
At Cedarville:
- Full time = 12 credits
- Half time = six credits
Parent PLUS loans are not subject to these reductions.
Are Parent PLUS loans still available?
Yes. However, beginning July 1, 2026, new federal limits apply to students who do not qualify for the limited exception.
What are the new Parent PLUS limits?
For students who do not qualify for the Limited Exception:
- $20,000 annual limit per dependent student
- $65,000 lifetime limit per dependent student
These limits apply across all parents combined for a particular student.
Does the $65,000 limit include borrowing before July 1, 2026?
Yes. Federal guidance indicates that the new aggregate limit considers total Parent PLUS borrowing for the student, including borrowing that occurred before July 1, 2026.
Should families borrow the maximum Parent PLUS amount every year?
Not necessarily.
Families that borrow $20,000 every year could reach the $65,000 lifetime limit before a student completes a four-year degree.
Families may wish to spread borrowing across multiple years to preserve eligibility.
If my parent reaches the Parent PLUS limit, can I receive additional Direct Unsubsidized Loan eligibility?
No. Federal law does not provide additional Direct Unsubsidized Loan eligibility simply because a parent reaches the Parent PLUS aggregate limit.
What if federal loans are not enough?
Students may explore:
- Scholarships
- Employer tuition assistance
- Payment plans
- Private education loans
Students should carefully compare borrowing options and understand long-term repayment obligations before borrowing.
Are there FAFSA changes?
Yes. Beginning with the 2026–27 FAFSA, the following are generally excluded from FAFSA asset reporting:
- Certain family businesses
- Certain family farms
- Certain family-owned commercial fishing operations
Is foreign income treated differently for Pell Grant eligibility?
Yes. Beginning with the 2026–27 award year, certain foreign earned income exclusions are added back into income when determining Pell Grant eligibility.
Can I lose Pell Grant eligibility if I receive scholarships?
Possibly.
Beginning in 2026–27, students generally cannot receive a Pell Grant if non-federal grants and scholarships alone equal or exceed their cost of attendance.
Examples of non-federal aid include:
- Institutional scholarships
- State grants
- Outside scholarships
When permitted under federal regulations, Cedarville may adjust institutional aid to preserve Pell eligibility.
Can a high Student Aid Index (SAI) make me ineligible for Pell?
Yes. Beginning in 2026–27, students with an SAI at or above twice the maximum Pell Grant generally do not qualify for a Pell Grant.
For 2026–27, this SAI threshold is 14,790.
Are Federal Work-Study and FSEOG being eliminated?
No. Federal Work-Study and Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) programs continue to exist and remain subject to annual congressional funding.
Graduate and Professional Student FAQs
What is the Limited Exception (sometimes called a Legacy Borrower)?
This Limited Exception allows certain currently enrolled students to continue borrowing under pre-July 1, 2026, federal loan rules for a limited period of time.
A student may qualify if:
- They were enrolled in a program of study on June 30, 2026;
- They remain enrolled in that same program; and
- A federal Direct Loan or Grad PLUS Loan was disbursed for that program before July 1, 2026.
How long does the Limited Exception last?
Federal law limits eligibility for this exception to the lesser of:
- Three academic years, or
- The student's remaining expected time to credential as of July 1, 2026.
Example:
| Status on June 30, 2026 | Limited Exception Eligibility |
| Entering year one of a two-year program | Two years |
| Entering year two of a two-year program | One year |
| Entering year three of a four-year program | Two years |
How is "expected time to credential" calculated?
Federal regulations compare:
- The published length of the program, and
- The portion of the program already completed as of July 1, 2026.
The remaining time is then compared to three academic years. The shorter period determines how long the Limited Exception applies.
What causes me to lose Limited Exception eligibility?
Students generally lose Limited Exception eligibility if they:
- Withdraw from the program,
- Stop attending,
- Cease enrollment in the program,
- Begin a different degree program after July 1, 2026, or
- Are enrolled beyond expected time to credential.
Students considering a leave of absence should contact Financial Aid before making enrollment changes.
What if I borrowed federal loans at another school?
Previous borrowing counts toward federal aggregate and lifetime limits.
However, Limited Exception eligibility is determined based on:
- Your current program at your current school, and
- Whether a qualifying loan was disbursed for that program before July 1, 2026.
Can I opt out of the Limited Exception?
No. Federal eligibility is determined by law and cannot be accepted or declined.
Is Graduate PLUS going away?
For most new borrowers, yes.
Beginning July 1, 2026:
- Graduate PLUS loans are eliminated for new borrowers.
- Students may borrow only Direct Unsubsidized Loans, subject to applicable limits.
- Students who qualify for the Limited Exception may continue borrowing Graduate PLUS loans during their eligible period.
What federal loans are available to new graduate students?
Only Direct Unsubsidized Loans are available.
Graduate PLUS loans will not be available for students who do not qualify for the Limited Exception.
What are the new graduate and professional loan limits?
The following loan limits apply to all new borrowers and students that do not qualify for the limited exception.
Graduate programs:
- Annual limit: $20,500
- Aggregate limit: $100,000
Professional programs:
- Annual limit: $50,000
- Aggregate limit: $200,000
Current Cedarville professional programs include:
- Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD)
- Master of Divinity (MDiv)
Federal classifications may change based on future guidance.
What if I enroll less than full time?
Beginning July 1, 2026, federal Direct Loan limits are reduced proportionally for students enrolled less than full time.
Students must still be enrolled at least half time to remain eligible for federal student loans.
At Cedarville:
- Full time = six credits
- Half time = three credits
What is the federal lifetime loan limit?
Beginning July 1, 2026:
A student may borrow up to $257,500 over their lifetime.
This includes:
- Undergraduate borrowing
- Graduate borrowing
- Professional borrowing
- Prior Graduate PLUS borrowing
Parent PLUS loans borrowed by parents do not count toward the student's lifetime limit.
Does prior borrowing count toward these new limits?
Yes. Borrowing that occurred before July 1, 2026, counts toward applicable aggregate and lifetime limits once those limits become effective.
What if federal loans are not enough?
Students may explore:
- Scholarships
- Employer tuition assistance
- Payment plans
- Private education loans
Students should carefully compare borrowing options and understand long-term repayment obligations before borrowing.
Are there FAFSA changes?
Yes. Beginning with the 2026–27 FAFSA, the following are generally excluded from FAFSA asset reporting:
- Certain family businesses
- Certain family farms
- Certain family-owned commercial fishing operations
Is Federal Work-Study being eliminated?
No. Federal Work-Study programs continue to exist and remain subject to annual congressional funding.
Loan Repayment FAQs
What repayment plans will be available for students who borrow new federal loans on or after July 1, 2026?
Two primary repayment options will be available:
Tiered Standard Repayment Plan
- Fixed monthly payments over approximately 10–25 years based on loan balance
Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP)
Income-based payments with:
- A minimum payment requirement
- Interest protections established by federal law
- Eligibility for Public Service Loan Forgiveness when other PSLF requirements are met
Is Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) changing?
No. PSLF remains available.
Qualifying payments made under RAP count toward PSLF when all PSLF requirements are met.
What happens to SAVE, PAYE, and ICR?
Federal law phases out several existing repayment plans.
Borrowers currently using SAVE, PAYE, or ICR may need to transition to another repayment plan before July 1, 2028.
Additional guidance will be provided by federal loan servicers.
Do Parent PLUS borrowers have access to RAP?
Not generally. Parent PLUS loans borrowed on or after July 1, 2026, are limited to the new Tiered Standard Repayment Plan.
Parents with older Parent PLUS consolidation loans may have transitional repayment options until federal phase-out deadlines occur.
Are deferment and forbearance options changing?
Beginning July 1, 2027:
Eliminated
- Economic Hardship Deferment
- Unemployment Deferment
Remaining Option
Forbearance remains available but is generally limited to:
- Nine-month increments
- Twenty-four months total
Need Help?
Every student's situation is different. To discuss how these changes affect your borrowing while enrolled, schedule an appointment with Cedarville’s Financial Aid office.